Skill 07 · Lexicons

Nationalities & agreement

Each nationality has up to four forms: masculine singular, feminine singular, masculine plural, feminine plural. Plus the trap most students fall into: français (the adjective, lowercase) vs Français (the noun, capitalised).

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French nationality adjectives agree with the person they describe — in gender (masc/fem) AND number (singular/plural). The patterns are mostly predictable: add -e for feminine, add -s for plural. But there's a deeper trap: the same word is sometimes a noun and sometimes an adjective, and that flips the capitalisation. Je suis française (lowercase, adjective) ≠ Je suis une Française (capital, noun: "a Frenchwoman"). The first is what you say in conversation; the second is what you'd write on a form.

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Nationality agreement patterns

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M. sg. F. sg. Plurals Rule

You know their nationalities, but let’s map out the actual countries in the common room.

Next: Countries & articles →